Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs evaluates the null hypothesis by combining the ranks of differences with their signs. It essentially tests whether the median of the differences in a population of matched pairs is zero. Since the test incorporates more information than the sign test, it generally yields more trustable conclusions. This test also does not require the data to follow a normal distribution, but two conditions must be met for it to be applicable: (1) the data must...

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Telemedicine and Bystander CPR Rates.

Prehospital and disaster medicine·2026

Same author

A soft robotic device for rapid and self-guided intubation.

Science translational medicine·2025

Same author

Whole Blood Versus Blood Components in Prehospital Care.

Prehospital emergency care·2025

Same author

Implementation Barriers of Prehospital Buprenorphine Administration Programs in the United States: A Scoping Review.

Prehospital emergency care·2025

Same author

An Analysis of 24-Hour Survival Based on Arrival by Atypical Ground Transport Versus Ground Emergency Medical Services.

Prehospital emergency care·2024

Same author

Naloxone in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest-More Than Just Opioid Reversal.

JAMA network open·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin

Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin

Published on: November 26, 2013

Prehospital Double Sequential Defibrillation: A Matched Case-Control Study.

Julian G Mapp^1,2, Alan J Hans¹, Anthony M Darrington¹

¹San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX.

Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine

|December 12, 2018

Summary

Prehospital double sequential defibrillation (DSD) for refractory ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VF/pVT) did not improve survival to hospital admission. Current protocols using DSD after three conventional defibrillations in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest are ineffective.

More Related Videos

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

Published on: February 28, 2012

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Published on: November 6, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin

Prehospital Thrombolysis: A Manual from Berlin

Published on: November 26, 2013

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

Published on: February 28, 2012

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Published on: November 6, 2015

Area of Science:

Emergency Medicine
Cardiology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Refractory ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VF/pVT) presents a significant challenge in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).
Prehospital advanced cardiac life support protocols are continuously evaluated for improved patient outcomes.
Double sequential defibrillation (DSD) is an advanced technique considered for refractory VF/pVT.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the association between prehospital double sequential defibrillation (DSD) and survival to hospital admission in OHCA patients with refractory VF/pVT.
To determine the effectiveness of current protocols employing DSD in OHCA management.

Main Methods:

A matched case-control study utilizing prospectively collected OHCA data from January 2013 to December 2015.
Cases were OHCA patients with refractory VF/pVT who survived to hospital admission; controls were those who did not.
Prehospital DSD was the primary variable, with survival to hospital admission as the primary outcome.

Main Results:

Of 205 OHCA patients with refractory VF/pVT, 64 cases were matched with 64 controls.
Survival to hospital admission was observed in 48.0% of DSD patients and 50.5% of conventional therapy patients.
No statistically significant difference in survival was found (p > 0.99; OR = 0.91).

Conclusions:

Prehospital DSD for refractory VF/pVT in OHCA is not associated with improved survival to hospital admission.
The current protocol of initiating DSD after the third conventional defibrillation for OHCA is considered ineffective based on these findings.