Biopolymers - Calcium phosphates composites with inclusions of magnetic nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering

Composites based on combination of biopolymers (chitosan, hyaluronic acid and bovine serum albumin or gelatin), calcium phosphates (CP) and magnetic nanoparticles have been prepared by a biomimetic co-precipitation method. The biomimetic strategy is inspired by natural mineralization processes, where the synthesized minerals are usually combined with proteins, polysaccharides or other mineral forms to form composite, in physiological conditions of temperature and pH. The morphology of the magnetic composites, studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated a macroporous structure, which influenced the retention of simulated biological fluids. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the composition of the scaffolds and the formation of various types of calcium phosphates with amorphous nature. The in vitro degradation studies showed a slow degradation process for magnetic composites that confirmed the tightly connection of the polymeric matrix with calcium phosphates, which limits the enzyme access to the degradable components and material disintegration. The magnetic scaffolds exhibited no negative effect on osteoblasts cell, emphasizing a good biocompatibility. Considering the scaffolds properties, some compositions based on calcium phosphates, chitosan, Hya/Bsa and more than 3% of MNPs are recommended for further optimization and in vivo tests.