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Related Concept Videos

Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Plasticizers01:31

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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Plastic Behavior01:21

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Forming Micro-and Nano-Plastics from Agricultural Plastic Films for Employment in Fundamental Research Studies
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Micro(nano)plastics: An un-ignorable carbon source?

Duofei Hu1, Maocai Shen1, Yaxin Zhang1

  • 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.

The Science of the Total Environment
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Micro(nano)plastics are emerging contaminants that can significantly impact total organic carbon measurements. Further research is needed to understand their contribution to environmental pollution levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Micro(nano)plastics are pervasive environmental contaminants.
  • Their presence may interfere with accurate total organic carbon (TOC) measurements.
  • Existing research primarily focuses on distribution, sources, and ecological effects, neglecting TOC implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential impact of micro(nano)plastics on TOC calculations.
  • To emphasize the need for investigating the contribution of micro(nano)plastics to TOC.
  • To address the gap in current scientific understanding regarding micro(nano)plastics and TOC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on micro(nano)plastic environmental presence.
  • Analysis of existing studies on micro(nano)plastic impacts.
  • Identification of research gaps concerning TOC contributions.

Main Results:

  • Micro(nano)plastics are widespread environmental contaminants.
  • A significant impact on TOC calculation is plausible.
  • There is a lack of empirical evidence on micro(nano)plastic contribution to TOC.

Conclusions:

  • The widespread presence of micro(nano)plastics necessitates understanding their role in TOC measurements.
  • Further research is crucial to quantify the contribution of micro(nano)plastics to environmental TOC.
  • Accurate environmental pollution assessment requires accounting for micro(nano)plastic impacts on TOC.