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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Preparation of Graphene Liquid Cells for the Observation of Lithium-ion Battery Material
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Graphene from discharged dry cell battery electrodes.

Suresh Bandi1, Syamsai Ravuri2, Dilip Ramkrishna Peshwe1

  • 1Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.

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|December 12, 2018
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Summary

This study demonstrates a sustainable method for producing graphene oxide and graphene from waste dry cell batteries. This approach offers a low-cost production route for these 2D materials while aiding in waste management.

Keywords:
Electrochemical exfoliationGraphene oxide (GO)Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)Waste battery electrodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Graphene oxide (GO) and graphene are crucial 2D materials with diverse applications.
  • Waste management and sustainable material production are significant global challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of synthesizing graphene oxide/graphene from waste dry cell batteries.
  • To establish a low-cost and environmentally friendly method for producing these advanced materials.

Main Methods:

  • Graphite rods were extracted from discarded dry cell batteries.
  • Electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) in acidic media was used to obtain graphene oxide (GO).
  • GO was reduced via heat treatment under argon to yield reduced graphene oxide (rGO), i.e., graphene.

Main Results:

  • Characterization using XRD, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, TGA, BET, SEM, and TEM confirmed the graphene structure.
  • The synthesized few-layer graphene exhibited fewer defects compared to other methods.
  • The process effectively utilizes waste materials for valuable 2D material production.

Conclusions:

  • This research presents a viable, sustainable pathway for graphene oxide/graphene synthesis from battery waste.
  • The method provides an economical route to high-quality graphene, supporting both environmental safety and materials innovation.