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Related Concept Videos

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

3.8K
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
3.8K
Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

4.8K
For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.8K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.8K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
40.8K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

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23.3K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics
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Polymer spreading on substrates with nanoscale grooves using molecular dynamics.

Brooklyn A Noble1, Bart Raeymaekers1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States of America.

Nanotechnology
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers simulated polymer spreading on nanoscale grooves, finding groove shape, polymer chemistry, and entanglement control coverage. This unlocks precise control for ultrathin polymer coatings in advanced devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Designing nanoscale systems requires understanding polymer-surface interactions on textured substrates.
  • Controlling polymer spreading is key for applications like microelectronics and advanced coatings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how nanoscale groove geometry influences liquid polymer spreading and orientation.
  • To identify key parameters governing polymer behavior on textured surfaces at the molecular level.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model polymer-substrate interactions.
  • Various polymer types and nanoscale groove designs were simulated.

Main Results:

  • Groove shape, polymer chemistry, and molecular entanglement were identified as critical factors determining polymer spreading.
  • A molecular-level understanding of the physical mechanisms was established.
  • A network of grooves was designed to engineer specific polymer spreading and coverage.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides fundamental insights into polymer behavior on nanostructured surfaces.
  • This understanding enables the precise engineering of ultrathin polymer coatings for advanced nanoscale devices and systems.