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The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
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A separable differential equation is a type of first-order differential equation where the derivative dy/dx can be expressed as a product of two functions: one that depends only on x and another that depends only on y. This allows for the rearrangement of the equation so that all terms involving y are on one side, and all terms involving x are on the other. This process, known as the separation of variables, simplifies the process of solving the equation by enabling the integration of both...
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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
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Blood Plasma Separation Using a Fidget-Spinner.

Chao-Hsuan Liu1, Chung-An Chen1, Shi-Jia Chen1

  • 1Institute of Applied Mechanics , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan.

Analytical Chemistry
|December 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel, low-cost centrifuge platform using a fidget spinner effectively separates blood plasma in minutes. This electricity-free device is ideal for HIV-1 testing in resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Point-of-Care Diagnostics
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Accurate blood plasma separation is crucial for disease diagnostics.
  • Traditional centrifuges are often expensive, require electricity, and are not suitable for remote or resource-limited areas.
  • There is a need for affordable, accessible, and electricity-free diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a simple, hand-powered, electricity-free centrifuge platform for blood plasma separation.
  • To assess the efficiency and reliability of this platform for medical applications, particularly in resource-limited settings.
  • To evaluate the suitability of the separated plasma for subsequent diagnostic assays, such as HIV-1 testing.

Main Methods:

  • A commercially available fidget spinner was modified into a hand-powered centrifuge.
  • Whole blood samples were processed using the fidget spinner centrifuge.
  • Plasma yield rate and purity were determined.
  • The separated plasma was used in a paper-based HIV-1 p24 capsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  • Recovery rate and matrix interference effects were evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The fidget spinner centrifuge successfully separated whole blood, achieving a plasma yield of 30% and 99% purity within 4-7 minutes.
  • The separated plasma demonstrated minimal matrix interference effects in the HIV-1 p24 ELISA, with a recovery rate of up to 98%.
  • The platform proved reliable for practical use, significantly reducing cost and analysis time.

Conclusions:

  • The fidget spinner-based centrifuge is a viable, low-cost, and electricity-free solution for blood plasma separation.
  • This innovative platform offers a reliable method for sample preparation in resource-limited settings.
  • The technology holds significant potential for improving access to diagnostics, such as HIV testing, globally.