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Functional and Structural Brain Plasticity in Adult Onset Single-Sided Deafness
Yingying Shang1,2, Leighton B Hinkley3, Chang Cai3
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|December 13, 2018
Summary
Adults with single-sided deafness (SSD) show significant brain changes. Their brains adapt functionally and structurally, particularly in auditory and frontal-parietal regions, to compensate for the loss of binaural hearing.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Auditory Neuroscience
- Neuroimaging
Background:
- Single-sided deafness (SSD) impairs binaural hearing, demanding greater cognitive effort for auditory processing.
- The impact of SSD on brain plasticity, encompassing both functional and structural changes, remains an area of active investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate functional and structural brain plasticity in adults with single-sided deafness compared to normal-hearing controls.
- To identify specific neural alterations associated with the loss of binaural input.
Main Methods:
- Magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEGI) assessed brain activation during an auditory task.
- Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) evaluated white matter integrity.
- Comparison between SSD cohort and normal-hearing controls.
Main Results:
- MEGI revealed increased theta band oscillations in the left superior temporal cortex and decreased gamma band oscillations in frontal and parietal areas in the SSD group.
- DTI indicated reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in auditory and non-auditory white matter tracts in individuals with SSD.
- Functional and structural changes showed close spatial correlation, highlighting areas of brain plasticity.
Conclusions:
- Adult-onset single-sided deafness induces significant functional and structural brain alterations.
- Plasticity is evident in dorsal temporal, frontal, and parietal regions, reflecting neural adaptation to unilateral hearing loss.
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