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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

1.9K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Immunotherapy for Melanoma.

Isabella C Glitza Oliva1, Rana Alqusairi2

  • 1The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. ICGlitza@mdanderson.org.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Recent breakthroughs offer new hope for metastatic melanoma patients. Immunotherapy and targeted BRAF/MEK inhibitors are advancing treatment options for advanced melanoma, including brain metastases.

Keywords:
Adjuvant therapyBrain metastasisCTLA-4ImmunotherapyIpilimumabMelanomaNivolumabPD-1PD-L1Pembrolizumab

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Melanoma, though less common, causes significant mortality.
  • Historically, metastatic melanoma had limited therapeutic interventions.
  • Recent advancements have significantly improved treatment landscapes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review past and current treatment options for metastatic melanoma.
  • To highlight the role of immunotherapy and targeted therapies.
  • To discuss recent advances in adjuvant settings and melanoma brain metastases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on melanoma treatment.
  • Focus on targeted therapy (BRAF/MEK inhibitors) and immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of recent clinical trial outcomes in adjuvant and metastatic settings.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies (BRAF/MEK inhibitors) are a key treatment modality.
  • Immunotherapy-based approaches show significant promise and are a major focus.
  • Advances are noted in adjuvant therapy for resected stage III/IV melanoma and melanoma brain metastases.

Conclusions:

  • Current treatment strategies for metastatic melanoma have evolved significantly.
  • Immunotherapy represents a major advancement in melanoma care.
  • Ongoing research in immuno-oncology continues to drive progress in melanoma treatment.