Development and characterization of a novel bulk-fill elastomeric temporary restorative composite

Area of Science:

• Dental Materials Science
• Biomaterials Engineering
• Microbiology

Background:

• Temporary resin-based filling materials (TFMs) are crucial in dental restorative procedures.
• Enhancing TFMs with antimicrobial properties and improved physical characteristics is an ongoing research area.
• Zinc methacrylate (ZM) is explored as a potential additive for novel TFMs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the physical, mechanical, antibacterial, and biocompatibility properties of elastomeric TFMs incorporating zinc methacrylate (ZM).
• To compare the performance of ZM-containing TFMs against a commercial control material (Fermit-N).

Main Methods:

• Experimental TFMs were formulated with varying concentrations of ZM (0-5 wt%).
• Evaluated properties included microleakage, water sorption/solubility, degree of conversion, depth of cure, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness.
• Antibacterial activity was assessed using Enterococcus faecalis (direct contact test) and Streptococcus mutans (biofilm assay).

Main Results:

• ZM-containing TFMs exhibited comparable physical and mechanical properties to the control.
• Improved properties observed were reduced microleakage, lower water sorption, and higher ultimate tensile strength.
• TFMs with ZM demonstrated bactericidal effects against E. faecalis within 1 hour but did not inhibit S. mutans biofilm development.

Conclusions:

• Experimental TFMs with ZM present a viable alternative to commercial materials, offering comparable performance.
• The inclusion of ZM enhances key properties such as microleakage, water sorption, and tensile strength.
• ZM-containing TFMs possess specific antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, suggesting potential clinical benefits.