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Survey Safety01:28

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Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
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Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
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Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
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Companies that supply power to most modern households use three conductors, typically called a three-wire line. While one is neutral, the other two are both at 120 V but with opposite polarity, giving a voltage of 240 V between them. With a three-wire line, high-power appliances that require 240 V, such as electric stoves and clothes dryers, are linked between the two hot lines. 120 V appliances can be connected between the neutral and either of the hot lines. The neutral side, which is always...
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
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Safety Considerations When Working with Humanized Animals.

Jason S Villano1, Susan E Vleck2, Stephen A Felt3

  • 1Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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|December 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humanized animal models, engrafted with human cells, offer disease research opportunities. Implementing risk assessments and institutional policies is crucial for the safe handling and use of these valuable research tools.

Keywords:
animal modelsbiosafetybloodborne pathogenshumanized animalsoccupational health and safetyregulations

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Animal Models
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Humanized animal models are immunodeficient animals engrafted with human cells, tissues, or organs.
  • These models, predominantly humanized mice, enable the study of human diseases like cancer and infectious diseases.
  • The advancement of these models necessitates understanding and mitigating associated risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing humanized animal models.
  • To provide recommendations for the safe use of humanized animals in research.
  • To emphasize the importance of risk assessment and institutional policies for personnel safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on humanized animal models.
  • Analysis of regulatory frameworks and occupational health and safety guidelines.
  • Identification of potential risks associated with humanized animal model development and use.

Main Results:

  • Humanized animal models offer significant potential for mimicking human diseases in research settings.
  • Key risks include exposure to bloodborne pathogens during handling and administration of human materials.
  • A comprehensive risk assessment program is essential for safe model development and application.

Conclusions:

  • Safe use of humanized animal models requires a proactive approach, including thorough risk assessment and mitigation strategies.
  • Institutional policies and guidelines are critical for ensuring personnel safety and ethical research practices.
  • The responsible implementation of humanized animal models is vital for advancing biomedical research while protecting researchers and animals.