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A coordinate-based meta-analysis comparing brain activation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and
Jared M Saletin1,2, Stephanie Jackvony3, Katherina A Rodriguez1
1E.P. Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Providence, RI.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep deprivation share brain region hypoactivations in executive functions. However, sleep loss uniquely shows thalamic hyperactivation, suggesting different neural responses.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Sleep disruption is prevalent in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
- Attention deficits are characteristic of sleep deprivation in healthy individuals.
- The neural systems affected by both ADHD and sleep deprivation remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activation patterns in ADHD and sleep deprivation using a novel meta-analysis.
- To identify shared and distinct neural systems modulated by ADHD and sleep loss.
Main Methods:
- A coordinate-based activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analysis was conducted.
- Data were synthesized from 134 task-based fMRI studies comparing ADHD vs. healthy controls and sleep deprivation vs. rested states.
- Separate ALE analyses for ADHD and sleep deprivation were directly compared.
Main Results:
- Conjunction analyses revealed overlapping hypoactivations in executive function regions, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, for both ADHD and sleep deprivation.
- Sleep deprivation was uniquely associated with significant hyperactivation in the thalamus.
Conclusions:
- ADHD and sleep deprivation share a common neural signature characterized by hypoactivation in executive function neuroanatomy.
- Thalamic hyperactivations observed in sleep deprivation, but not ADHD, may indicate a distinct compensatory mechanism.
- Findings offer novel targets for future research on the interplay between sleep loss and ADHD.
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