Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Enhancing Tumor Content through Tumor Macrodissection
10:04

Enhancing Tumor Content through Tumor Macrodissection

Published on: February 12, 2022

12.2K

Novel TLR2-binding adjuvant induces enhanced T cell responses and tumor eradication

Gijs G Zom1, Marian M J H P Willems2, Selina Khan1

  • 1Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, section Tumorimmunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer
|December 14, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Amplivant (AV), a novel Toll-like receptor 2 ligand, enhances cancer vaccination by improving dendritic cell maturation and T cell priming. AV-SLP conjugates show superior antitumor immunity and synergize with other therapies for improved cancer immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands activate innate immunity, enhancing adaptive immune responses.
  • Synthetic long peptides (SLPs) conjugated to TLR2-ligand Pam3CSK4 improve antitumor immunity.
  • Amplivant (AV), a modified Pam3CSK4, shows enhanced dendritic cell (DC) maturation potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunological properties of Amplivant (AV) for cancer vaccination.
  • To compare the efficacy of AV-SLP conjugates against Pam3CSK4-SLP conjugates in inducing antitumor immunity.
  • To assess the synergistic effects of AV-SLP conjugates with ablative therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were vaccinated with SLP conjugates of Pam3CSK4 or AV.
  • Dendritic cell maturation was assessed via ELISA and flow cytometry.
  • Tumor-bearing mice were analyzed for immune cell infiltration and tumor outgrowth post-vaccination.

Main Results:

  • AV-SLP conjugates induced stronger DC maturation, T cell priming, and antitumor immunity than Pam3CSK4-SLP conjugates.
  • AV-SLP conjugates modulated the tumor microenvironment's macrophage population, correlating with therapeutic effects.
  • AV-SLP conjugate vaccination combined with chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy showed optimal therapeutic efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Amplivant (AV) is a superior TLR2 ligand for enhancing cancer vaccination compared to Pam3CSK4.
  • AV-SLP conjugates offer a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy, especially when combined with other treatments.
  • These findings support the optimization of cancer immunotherapy using Amplivant.
Keywords:
AdjuvantCancer vaccinePeptide vaccinationT cell activationToll-like receptor 2

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis06:57

Author Spotlight: Adjuvant Activity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Enhancing the Immunogenicity of Autoantigens During Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: May 12, 2023

3.0K
Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination06:02

Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Cationic Nanoemulsion-Encapsulated Retinoic Acid System for Mucosal Vaccination

Published on: February 23, 2024

1.2K

Related Concept Videos

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
15.0K
The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

10.0K
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
5.6K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview
83.9K
Ligand Binding Sites02:40

Ligand Binding Sites

Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that carry out a wide variety of essential processes; however, the activities of most proteins depend on their interactions with other molecules or ions, known as ligands.
Protein-ligand interactions are quite specific; even though numerous potential ligands surround a cellular protein at any given time, only a particular ligand can bind to that protein. Moreover, a ligand binds only to a dedicated area on the surface of the protein, known as the...
15.1K
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...
5.2K