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Toll-like receptor 4 and breast cancer: an updated systematic review

Morteza Khademalhosseini1,2, Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi3,4

  • 1Geriatric Care Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

Breast Cancer (Tokyo, Japan)
|December 14, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has a dual role in breast cancer, potentially eradicating cancer cells or promoting tumor development. Its function depends on signaling pathways and expression levels, impacting cancer progression.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial in innate immunity.
  • TLR4's role in cancer is complex and context-dependent.
  • Breast cancer involves intricate molecular mechanisms influencing disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual roles of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in breast cancer.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of TLR4 in eradicating or inducing breast cancer cells.
  • To discuss factors altering TLR4 function in breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent data on TLR4 mechanisms in breast cancer.
  • Analysis of studies investigating TLR4's interaction with cancer cells.
  • Examination of signaling pathways associated with TLR4 function.

Main Results:

  • TLR4 acts as a key molecule with both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions in breast cancer.
  • TLR4 eradicates cancer cells by recognizing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and initiating immune responses.
  • Overexpression and altered signaling of TLR4, including interactions with TGF-β and TP53 pathways, are critical.

Conclusions:

  • TLR4's function in breast cancer is multifaceted, involving both cancer cell eradication and promotion.
  • Understanding TLR4 signaling is crucial for developing targeted breast cancer therapies.
  • Aberrant TLR4 expression and signaling pathways significantly influence breast cancer outcomes.
Keywords:
Breast cancerMetastasisTLR4

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