Pharmacological Options in Atherosclerosis: A Review of the Existing Evidence

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pharmacology
• Public Health

Background:

• Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major global mortality cause.
• High low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is central to CHD development.
• Statins are widely used but not universally effective for CHD prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and assess alternative lipid-lowering agents beyond statins.
• To evaluate the efficacy of fibrates, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and PCSK-9 inhibitors.
• To provide an overview of current research in novel lipid management strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of randomized controlled trials and clinical studies.
• Assessment of pharmacological mechanisms of action for each drug class.
• Comparative analysis of lipid-lowering efficacy and safety profiles.

Main Results:

• Statins, while effective, have limitations in CHD treatment.
• Emerging therapies like PCSK-9 inhibitors show significant LDL reduction.
• Fibrates and cholesterol absorption inhibitors offer additional lipid management options.

Conclusions:

• Novel lipid-lowering agents are crucial for managing CHD.
• PCSK-9 inhibitors represent a promising advancement in cardiovascular risk reduction.
• Further research is needed to optimize the use of these agents in diverse patient populations.