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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
Published on: July 7, 2023
The Temporal Relationship between Pain Intensity and Pain Interference and Incident Dementia
Ali Ezzati1,2, Cuiling Wang3, Mindy J Katz1
1Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
Background:
Chronic pain is common among older adults and is associated with cognitive dysfunction based on cross-sectional studies. However, the longitudinal association between chronic pain and incident dementia in community-based samples is unknown.
Objective:
We aimed to evaluate the association of pain intensity and pain interference with incident dementia in a community-based sample of older adults.
Methods:
Participants were 1,114 individuals 70 years of age or older from Einstein Aging Study (EAS), a longitudinal cohort study of community-dwelling older adults in the Bronx County, NY. The primary outcome measure was incident dementia, diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. Pain intensity and interference in the month prior to first annual visit were measured using items from the SF-36 questionnaire. Pain intensity and pain interference were assessed as predictors of time to incident dementia using Cox proportionate hazards models while controlling for potential confounders.
Results:
Among participants, 114 individuals developed dementia over an average 4.4 years (SD=3.1) of follow-up. Models showed that pain intensity had no significant effect on time to developing dementia, whereas higher levels of pain interference were associated with a higher risk of dementia. In the model that included both pain intensity and interference as predictors of incident dementia, pain interference had a significant effect on incident dementia, and pain intensity remained non-significant.
Conclusion:
As a potential remediable risk factor, the mechanisms linking pain interference to cognitive decline merit further exploration.
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