Ecological impact evaluation by constructing in situ microcosm with porous ceramic arrowhead

In recent years, bioremediation has been used as an effective technique for the cleaning of polluted sites. However, bioremediation treatment efficacy varies considerably; thus, characterization of indigenous pollutant-degrading soil microorganisms and assessment of the changes in microbial composition by pollutants are essential for designing efficient bioremediation methods. In this study, an ecological impact evaluation method that is cost-efficient and has low contamination risk was developed to assess the indigenous microbial composition. An "in situ microcosm" was constructed using a porous ceramic arrowhead. Phenol, a common environmental pollutant, was used to assess the evaluation efficacy of this method. Our data showed that phenol gradually percolated into the soil adjacent to the arrowhead and stimulated unique indigenous microorganisms (Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and Cupriavidus sp.). Furthermore, the arrowhead approach enabled efficient evaluation of the ecological impact of phenol on soil microorganisms. Thus, the arrowhead method will contribute to the development of bioremediation methods.