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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Tumorsphere Derivation and Treatment from Primary Tumor Cells Isolated from Mouse Rhabdomyosarcomas
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Rhabdomyosarcoma and Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma.

Juan P Gurria1, Roshni Dasgupta2

  • 1Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. jpgurria@gmail.com.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This review details Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (EES), common pediatric soft tissue and bone cancers. It covers updated molecular diagnostics, risk stratification, and multidisciplinary treatment strategies for improved outcomes.

Keywords:
extraosseous Ewing sarcomapediatricrhabdomyosarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Molecular Pathology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma, originating from mesenchymal cells.
  • Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a highly malignant bone tumor, with extraosseous Ewing sarcoma (EES) being a rare extraskeletal variant.
  • Both RMS and ES are classified as small round blue cell tumors of childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive, evidence-based review of pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma and extraosseous Ewing sarcoma.
  • To update knowledge on molecular diagnostics, clinical presentation, and diagnostic approaches.
  • To outline multidisciplinary management strategies based on the latest standards of care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric RMS and EES.
  • Analysis of molecular diagnostic tools and their impact on classification.
  • Synthesis of evidence-based guidelines for multidisciplinary treatment.

Main Results:

  • Recent advancements in molecular markers and diagnostic tools have refined RMS classification and risk stratification.
  • Improved understanding of tumor biology aids in tailoring treatment approaches for pediatric RMS and EES.
  • Multidisciplinary care is crucial for optimizing medical and surgical management.

Conclusions:

  • Updated molecular and diagnostic strategies enhance the precision of pediatric RMS and EES classification and treatment.
  • Evidence-based, multidisciplinary management is essential for improving patient outcomes.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge to guide the care of children with these rare tumors.