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Interactive Dyadic Physical Activity and Spatial Proximity Patterns in 2-Year-Olds and Their Parents.

Aston K McCullough1, Helena Duch2, Carol Ewing Garber3

  • 1Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Columbia University Teachers College, New York, NY 10027, USA. akm2169@tc.columbia.edu.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

This study found that toddler physical activity (PA) is linked to parent-child proximity, with active toddlers engaging in more joint PA with mothers. Girls, in particular, showed more joint PA with mothers than boys.

Keywords:
adultchildrenfamily interactionphysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Human Movement Science
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding daily physical activity (PA) in toddlers is crucial for healthy development.
  • Parent-toddler interactions and proximity influence children's behavior and activity levels.
  • Objective measures are needed to accurately assess PA and dyadic behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize daily physical activity (PA) in 2-year-old children and their parents.
  • To examine the relationship between PA, dyadic spatial proximity, and child sex.
  • To investigate joint PA patterns in parent-toddler dyads.

Main Methods:

  • 110 urban parent-toddler dyads wore accelerometers for 7 days to collect PA and Bluetooth proximity data.
  • Sociodemographic questionnaires were completed by parents.
  • Dyadic analysis statistical methods were applied to 65 dyads, with 34 analyzed for proximity data.

Main Results:

  • Toddler and parent sedentary and light PA were interdependent, influenced by child sex and proximity.
  • Toddlers were more active than parents on weekdays and weekends; no sex differences in PA volume were found.
  • Girls engaged in more joint PA with mothers than boys; higher toddler MVPA correlated with more, longer, and more distant joint PA with mothers.

Conclusions:

  • Parent-toddler proximity and child sex are factors in sedentary and light PA interdependence.
  • Objective measures reveal toddlers are more active than parents, with no sex-based PA volume differences.
  • Higher toddler moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with increased joint PA duration, distance, and engagement with mothers, highlighting the importance of the dyadic activity-proximity relationship.