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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

RNAi-mediated Control of Aflatoxins in Peanut: Method to Analyze Mycotoxin Production and Transgene Expression in the Peanut/Aspergillus Pathosystem
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Global Methylome and gene expression analysis during early Peanut pod development.

Pengfei Wang1,2, Suhua Shi3, Junjie Ma4

  • 1Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.

BMC Plant Biology
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped DNA methylation patterns during early peanut pod development, revealing distinct epigenetic changes and identifying key genes involved in growth and development. This study offers insights into epigenetic regulation in peanuts.

Keywords:
GynophoreMethylomePeanutPod developmentSmall RNA

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Early peanut pod development is crucial for reproductive success.
  • DNA methylation patterns during this stage are not well understood, potentially due to the complexity of the peanut's allotetraploid genome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic DNA methylation during early peanut pod development.
  • To analyze global methylome and gene expression using high-throughput sequencing.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel read mapping strategy for methylome and gene expression analysis.
  • Utilized Illumina high-throughput sequencing.
  • Analyzed gene expression and DNA methylation levels in peanut gynophore stages S1, S2, and S3.

Main Results:

  • Identified differentially methylated genes (e.g., nodulin, senescence-associated genes) and altered expression of gibberellin-related genes.
  • Observed up-regulation of methyltransferase genes (DRM2, MET1) between stages S1 and S2, correlating with global methylation changes.
  • Found associations between DNA methylation levels and gene expression, including roles in stem cell fate, light response, morphogenesis, and auxin biosynthesis.
  • Noted positive correlations between 24-nucleotide siRNAs/miRNAs and DNA methylation levels of target loci.

Conclusions:

  • A novel mapping strategy was successfully developed and validated.
  • Distinct DNA methylation modes exist across peanut gynophore development stages (S1, S2, S3).
  • Identified methylation changes provide valuable insights into the role of epigenetic regulation in peanut pod development.