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Morphology, performance and attachment function in Corynosoma spp. (Acanthocephala).

Francisco Javier Aznar1, Jesús Servando Hernández-Orts2, Juan Antonio Raga3

  • 1Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Parque Científico, Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, España. francisco.aznar@uv.es.

Parasites & Vectors
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine acanthocephalans, Corynosoma species, utilize multiple holdfast mechanisms for attachment. Their spiny body and proboscis, combined with novel muscle functions, ensure highly effective anchoring in marine mammal guts.

Keywords:
AcanthocephalaAttachmentCorynosomaEcomorphologyMusclePerformancePolymorphidae

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Functional Morphology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Functional inference of acanthocephalan attachment traditionally relies on morphology.
  • Performance analysis offers deeper insights into structure function, especially for non-intuitive and context-dependent mechanisms.
  • Previous studies focused on Acanthocephalus ranae, which solely uses its proboscis for attachment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare body morphology and muscle arrangement in 13 Corynosoma species.
  • Analyze the attachment performance of Corynosoma species, which use their spiny body as a primary holdfast.
  • Investigate novel attachment functions generated by structural adaptations.

Main Methods:

  • Examined muscle arrangement in 13 Corynosoma species using light and scanning electron microscopy.
  • Performed basic performance analysis on live cystacanths of C. australe and C. cetaceum.
  • Analyzed video records of proboscis evagination-invagination cycles.

Main Results:

  • A conserved arrangement of retractor and trunk muscles was observed across species.
  • Interspecific variability exists in disk muscle development and the distal insertion of neck and receptacle retractors.
  • Corynosoma species exhibit ventral foretrunk bending and receptacle action during attachment, distinct from A. ranae.

Conclusions:

  • Corynosoma species employ up to six holdfast mechanisms, integrating proboscis function with spiny body adaptations.
  • Novel functions, including structural ventral bending of the foretrunk, enhance attachment effectiveness.
  • Interspecific variations in morphology correlate with microhabitat conditions within marine mammal guts.