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Related Concept Videos

Observational Studies01:11

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Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Does diabetes decrease the risk of glioma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Yongbo Wang1, Yi Sun1, Juan Tang1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Annals of Epidemiology
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes mellitus (DM) may lower glioma risk. This review found DM decreased glioma risk by 23% in case-control studies, but results varied by ethnicity and sex, requiring further research.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusGlioblastomaGliomaMeta-analysisRisk

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Metabolic disorders

Background:

  • Growing evidence suggests a link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and reduced glioma risk.
  • Gliomas are primary brain tumors with significant morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing studies evaluating the association between DM and glioma risk.
  • To determine if DM is a protective factor against glioma development.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive electronic searches of major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) were conducted.
  • A random-effects model was employed to calculate pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  • Inclusion criteria focused on studies investigating the DM-glioma risk relationship.

Main Results:

  • Ten studies (8 case-control, 2 cohort) met the inclusion criteria.
  • Meta-analysis of case-control studies indicated DM reduced glioma risk by 23% (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96).
  • No significant association was found in cohort studies (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.10-4.80); subgroup analyses showed effects in Caucasians but not Asians, and were stronger in males.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus appears to decrease glioma risk, particularly in case-control studies.
  • The observed inverse association between DM and glioma risk may be influenced by ethnicity and sex.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.