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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
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Continuous-range tunable multilayer frequency-selective surfaces using origami and inkjet printing.

Syed Abdullah Nauroze1, Larissa S Novelino2, Manos M Tentzeris1

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces shape-reconfigurable electrical components using additive manufacturing and origami. These flexible components offer continuous reconfigurability for advanced sensing and communication modules.

Keywords:
deployable structuresfrequency-selective surfacesorigamireconfigurable spatial filterstunable electromagnetic structures

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Increasing component density in electrical and communication modules necessitates flexible, multifunctional systems.
  • Current reconfigurable systems lack flexibility, are costly, and time-consuming to fabricate due to subtractive manufacturing limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel approach for creating continuously reconfigurable electrical components.
  • To overcome limitations of discrete reconfiguration states and high fabrication costs in existing systems.

Main Methods:

  • Combining additive manufacturing with origami principles to create tunable electrical components.
  • Incorporating "bridge-like" structures in conductive traces to enhance flexibility and prevent breakage during folding.
  • Utilizing a Miura-Ori pattern to fabricate shape-reconfigurable spatial filters-frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated truly flexible conductive traces maintaining high conductivity at large bending angles.
  • Achieved tunable frequency response in Miura-Ori based FSS structures by altering dipole element electrical length through folding.
  • Fabricated multilayer Miura-FSS configurations for higher-order spatial filters, enhancing bandwidth.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed technique enables on-the-fly reconfigurability of FSS structures for diverse applications (e.g., multiple bands, broadband/narrowband, wide-angle rejection).
  • This method avoids the need for specialized substrates, complex electronics, or intricate fabrication processes, offering a low-cost, flexible solution.