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Optogenetic Functional MRI
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Closed-loop functional optogenetic stimulation.

Shriya S Srinivasan1,2, Benjamin E Maimon3,4, Maurizio Diaz3,5

  • 1MIT Media Lab, Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA. shriyas@mit.edu.

Nature Communications
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a closed-loop functional optogenetic stimulation (CL-FOS) system for precise neuromuscular control. CL-FOS offers superior accuracy and reduced fatigue compared to electrical stimulation, paving the way for advanced limb control therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Optogenetics offers precise control over neural tissues.
  • Current methods for neuromuscular control have limitations in accuracy and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and evaluate a closed-loop functional optogenetic stimulation (CL-FOS) system for ankle joint control in murine models.
  • To compare the performance of CL-FOS against closed-loop functional electrical stimulation (CL-FES).

Main Methods:

  • Development of a CL-FOS system utilizing joint angle or fascicle length as feedback.
  • Comparative analysis of CL-FOS and CL-FES in terms of accuracy, rise time, and overshoot.
  • Investigation of motor unit recruitment and fatigue during cyclical movements.
  • Development of a 3-phase, photo-kinetic model to explain optogenetic activation dynamics.

Main Results:

  • CL-FOS demonstrated significantly higher accuracy, faster rise times, and lower overshoot percentages compared to CL-FES.
  • Orderly recruitment of motor units and reduced muscle fatigue were observed with CL-FOS during cyclical movements.
  • The photo-kinetic model provided insights into the temporal variations of optogenetically activated neuromusculature.

Conclusions:

  • CL-FOS is a highly effective system for precise neuromuscular control of limb position.
  • Optogenetic stimulation offers advantages over electrical stimulation in terms of control accuracy, efficiency, and fatigue reduction.
  • This research provides a foundation for developing novel closed-loop optogenetic therapies and devices for peripheral limb control.