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Photodetection probability in quantum systems with arbitrarily strong light-matter interaction.

Omar Di Stefano1, Anton Frisk Kockum1,2, Alessandro Ridolfo1

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This study presents a new quantum theory for photodetection in cavity quantum electrodynamics (Cavity-QED) systems. It accurately describes photon emission rates and statistics even with strong light-matter interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Cavity quantum electrodynamics (Cavity-QED)

Background:

  • Cavity-QED systems now operate at interaction strengths comparable to subsystem resonance frequencies.
  • Traditional methods fail to accurately describe photon emission rates and statistics in this strong coupling regime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general quantum theory of photodetection applicable to arbitrary light-matter interaction strengths in Cavity-QED.
  • To extend the validity of photodetection theories beyond the weak coupling regime.

Main Methods:

  • The study adapts Glauber's original photodetection formalism.
  • It employs Fermi's golden rule and operator expansion in the interacting system's eigenbasis.
  • Considers both narrow-band and wide-band photodetectors, including in-cavity point detectors.

Main Results:

  • A novel quantum theory for photodetection is derived, valid for strong light-matter interactions.
  • The theory correctly predicts photodetection probabilities in the non-perturbative regime.
  • It provides a framework for understanding photon statistics and emission rates.

Conclusions:

  • The derived theory offers a robust description of photodetection in state-of-the-art Cavity-QED systems.
  • It enables accurate analysis of quantum optical phenomena in the strong coupling regime.
  • The work paves the way for experiments probing fundamental aspects of quantum light-matter interactions, such as the nature of virtual excitations in the quantum Rabi model.