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Low-pressure cardiac tamponade: A case report.
Jorge A Restrepo1, Gianfranco Martinis1, Guillermo Diego1
1Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
Journal of Cardiology Cases
|December 15, 2018
Summary
Low-pressure cardiac tamponade presents subtly, often lacking typical symptoms like dyspnea or hypotension. This insidious condition, characterized by cardiac tamponade without elevated intrapericardial pressure, requires high suspicion and echocardiography for diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Cardiac tamponade typically presents with elevated intrapericardial pressure and classic clinical signs.
- Idiopathic pericardial effusion can lead to cardiac tamponade, posing diagnostic challenges.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the diagnostic difficulties of low-pressure cardiac tamponade.
- To emphasize the importance of echocardiography in diagnosing atypical cardiac tamponade.
Main Methods:
- Case presentation of a 57-year-old woman with idiopathic pericardial effusion.
- Clinical assessment and echocardiographic follow-up.
- Pericardiocentesis for pressure measurement, diagnosis, and treatment.
Main Results:
- A large idiopathic pericardial effusion was identified.
- Cardiac tamponade was diagnosed despite normal intrapericardial pressure.
- Classical clinical features of cardiac tamponade were absent.
Conclusions:
- Low-pressure cardiac tamponade is an insidious condition requiring a high index of suspicion.
- Echocardiography is crucial for accurate diagnosis when classical signs are absent.
- Pericardiocentesis may be necessary for both diagnosis confirmation and therapeutic intervention.
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