In vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection beyond 2020
G E Crawford1,2, W L Ledger1,2
1The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|December 15, 2018
Summary
Artificial reproductive technology (ART), including in vitro fertilisation (IVF), has resulted in over 8 million births globally. Continued innovation enhances ART
Area of Science:
- Reproductive medicine
- Biotechnology
- Medical ethics
Background:
- Over 8 million babies born via assisted reproductive technology (ART) in 40 years.
- Significant advancements in clinical and laboratory ART procedures.
- ART applicability expanding to new patient groups, improving success rates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review innovations and impact of ART.
- To address concerns regarding patient and offspring health.
- To examine ethical challenges and global access to ART.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature and clinical advancements in ART.
- Analysis of global trends in ART utilization and reproductive tourism.
- Discussion of ethical considerations and access disparities.
Main Results:
- ART innovations have increased complexity and broadened accessibility.
- Concerns persist regarding the long-term health of patients and offspring.
- Global ART utilization is projected to grow, with reproductive tourism increasing.
- Significant disparities in ART access exist between wealthy and less wealthy nations.
Conclusions:
- ART continues to evolve, offering new possibilities and challenges.
- Ethical debates and health concerns surrounding ART require ongoing attention.
- Expanding global access to ART, particularly in developing nations, remains a critical challenge.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Sperm Transport
3.4K
The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
The maturation phase occurs in the epididymis, where sperm...
The maturation phase occurs in the epididymis, where sperm...
3.4K
01:22Sperm Structure and Semen Composition
11.1K
During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
11.1K
01:16In-vitro Mutagenesis
16.3K
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
16.3K
01:24In Vitro Fertilization
959
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
959
01:08Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems
1.6K
In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
Two primary injection methods are used...
1.6K
00:59Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection
412
In pharmacokinetics, the elimination rate of a drug following a capacity-limited model is primarily controlled by two parameters: Vmax and KM. These parameters are crucial in how the drug behaves inside the body after administration.
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...
412