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Long non-coding RNAs in cancer: Another layer of complexity
Jaqueline Carvalho de Oliveira1, Luana Caroline Oliveira1, Carolina Mathias1
1Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
The Journal of Gene Medicine
|December 15, 2018
Summary
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in cancer development and progression. These molecules show significant potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for various tumor types.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Oncology
Background:
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding potential.
- lncRNAs play crucial roles in gene regulation, including epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
- These molecules are implicated in numerous biological processes and multifactorial diseases, notably cancer development (tumorigenesis).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review well-characterized lncRNAs involved in the hallmarks of cancer.
- To highlight lncRNAs with significant potential for clinical applications in oncology.
- To discuss the role of lncRNAs in all major cancer hallmarks.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of scientific studies on lncRNAs and cancer.
- Analysis of lncRNA involvement in established hallmarks of cancer.
- Identification of lncRNAs with diagnostic and prognostic utility.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs are involved in all hallmarks of cancer, including proliferation, growth suppression evasion, cell death resistance, immortality, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
- lncRNAs are implicated in genome instability, inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion.
- Specific lncRNAs, such as PCA3 in prostate cancer, demonstrate utility as diagnostic markers.
Conclusions:
- lncRNAs are essential regulators in virtually all biological aspects of cancer cells.
- lncRNAs possess substantial potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer.
- Further research into lncRNAs can lead to novel clinical strategies for cancer management.
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