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Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
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Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
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Alkanes are nonpolar molecules due to the presence of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The electronegativity difference between carbon and hydrogen is minimal, and hence alkanes have a zero dipole moment. This leads to the presence of only dispersion forces between the molecules. The strength of dispersion forces is dependent on the surface area of the molecules on which they act. Since the surface area increases with the molecular length for straight-chain alkanes, the dispersion forces also...
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Related Experiment Video

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Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
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Calix[4]arene-Based Bis(Nitric Oxide) Complexes: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Structural Characterization.

Denan Wang1, Depeng Zhang1, Sergey V Lindeman1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers report the first crystal structure of a nitric oxide (NO) complex with the 1,2-alternate calix[4]arene conformer. New bis(nitric oxide) complexes demonstrate high NO-binding capacity for advanced storage materials.

Keywords:
calixarenesnitric oxidesensorsstorage materialssupramolecular chemistry

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Chemical crystallography

Background:

  • Calix[4]arene molecules are promising for nitric oxide (NO) sensing and storage due to high binding affinity.
  • The calix[4]arene structure has four conformers (1,3-alternate, 1,2-alternate, cone, partial cone), complicating NO complex formation.
  • Previous studies established NO complexes with several conformers, but the 1,2-alternate conformer complex remained unreported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of the NO complex with the 1,2-alternate calix[4]arene conformer.
  • To explore the formation and characterization of stable bis(nitric oxide) complexes with calix[4]arene conformers.
  • To advance the design of novel supramolecular sensors and storage materials for NO.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography for structural determination.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy for characterization.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of the [1,2-alternate⋅NO]+ complex was determined for the first time.
  • Stable bis(nitric oxide) complexes were formed with both 1,2-alternate and 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene conformers.
  • These complexes exhibit significant binding capacity for NO storage.

Conclusions:

  • The findings expand the understanding of NO interactions with different calix[4]arene conformers.
  • The newly characterized bis(nitric oxide) complexes show potential for developing high-capacity NO storage materials.
  • This research facilitates the design of advanced supramolecular sensors and storage systems for nitric oxide.