Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Proteoglycans

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Structural Isomerism

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...

Structure of Lipids

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...

Viral Structure

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Retraction Note: MEK1/2 regulate normal BCR and ABL1 tumor-suppressor functions to dictate ATO response in TKI-resistant Ph+ leukemia.

Leukemia·2026

Same author

Role of SCF/c-KIT axis in pericyte TNT-guided vessel branching.

Fluids and barriers of the CNS·2026

Same author

Unique structural features of the pentameric matrix protein COMP sustain its dynamic regulation of extra- and intracellular activities: A review.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2025

Same author

The Multifaceted Role of Mitochondria in Angiogenesis.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

Computational analysis of the structural-functional dynamics of a Co-receptor proteoglycan.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2025

Same author

A translational perspective of the malignant hematopoietic proteoglycome.

Cell & bioscience·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Published on: November 6, 2015

Structural deciphering of the NG2/CSPG4 proteoglycan multifunctionality.

Elisa Tamburini¹, Alice Dallatomasina², Jade Quartararo¹

¹Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

|December 15, 2018

Summary

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is a complex cell surface protein involved in numerous cellular functions and signaling pathways. Understanding its structure-function relationship can reveal new therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Keywords:

extracellular matrix macromolecular interactions signal transduction structure-function relationship

More Related Videos

Deciphering the Structural Effects of Activating EGFR Somatic Mutations with Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Deciphering the Structural Effects of Activating EGFR Somatic Mutations with Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Published on: May 20, 2020

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Published on: November 6, 2015

Deciphering the Structural Effects of Activating EGFR Somatic Mutations with Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Deciphering the Structural Effects of Activating EGFR Somatic Mutations with Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Published on: May 20, 2020

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Deciphering High-Resolution 3D Chromatin Organization via Capture Hi-C

Published on: October 14, 2022

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) gene encodes a large, complex transmembrane proteoglycan central to the human surfaceome.
CSPG4 exhibits extensive evolutionary conservation and produces diverse glycoforms with distinct functional potentials.
Its structure facilitates interactions with over 40 ligands, involving both ectodomain and cytoplasmic tail.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the structural-functional basis of CSPG4's multifaceted roles in cellular processes.
To explore how CSPG4's unique molecular interplays and signaling capabilities impact cell behavior.
To highlight the potential of targeting CSPG4's multivalency for disease intervention.

Main Methods:

Analysis of CSPG4's evolutionary conservation and transcript processing.
Investigation of CSPG4's interactions with ligands and its role in signal transduction.
Examination of CSPG4's association with the cytoskeleton and its membrane dynamics.

Main Results:

CSPG4 mediates complex molecular events through ligand interactions and dual signaling.
Its functional connection with the cytoskeleton and regulators enables signal transduction.
CSPG4's mobility and endocytic trafficking influence its signaling potential.
Differential phosphorylation of its intracellular domain affects numerous cellular phenomena.

Conclusions:

CSPG4's structural complexity and multivalency allow it to profoundly influence cell behavior.
Its involvement in diverse cellular pathways suggests a significant role in both normal physiology and pathology.
Targeting CSPG4 interactions offers a promising avenue for therapeutic strategies against various diseases.