Normal instability of the hip in the neonate: US standards

In recent years, the use of real-time ultrasonography (US) has enabled dynamic evaluation of the infant hip through a range of motion and stress. Preliminary experience has suggested that a certain amount of instability in the hips of newborns is normal, but no standards have been established. In this study, a group of term neonates whose physical examinations were normal were examined with US on the 1st and 2d days of life. Each hip was imaged in the transverse plane in nonstressed and stressed positions, and movement of the femoral head under stress was quantitated. This displacement under stress was used to establish a normal range of hip instability in neonates. Patterns of hip laxity in boys and girls are identical, and in most infants hip instability diminishes between the 1st and 2d days of life. Our method of quantitating hip instability produces consistent results, with intraobserver 95% confidence intervals of +/- 1.2 mm for each measurement.