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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

12.5K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Stages of Infection01:26

Stages of Infection

65.2K
Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
65.2K
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

9.7K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
9.7K
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

1.1K
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
1.1K
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.5K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.5K
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

4.0K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
4.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection
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Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Published on: January 31, 2020

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HIV infection/AIDS.

Kunihisa Tsukada

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |December 15, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Effective antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces HIV transmission risk. Current guidelines recommend this treatment for all individuals with HIV, regardless of CD4 count, to improve health and prevent spread.

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    Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology

    Background:

    • An estimated 36.7 million people were living with HIV globally in 2015.
    • HIV infection significantly increases morbidity and mortality.
    • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for managing HIV.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the dual role of ART in improving patient health and reducing transmission.
    • To emphasize the current standard of care for HIV treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • This is a summary of existing research and treatment guidelines.
    • No new experimental methods were employed.

    Main Results:

    • Effective antiretroviral therapy dramatically reduces the risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners.
    • ART improves the health outcomes of individuals living with HIV.

    Conclusions:

    • Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all individuals diagnosed with HIV.
    • Treatment initiation should not be delayed based on CD4 cell count.