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Updated: Feb 1, 2026
08:26
Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
Published on: July 17, 2020
6.5K
Comparing functional dynamic normalization methods to maximal voluntary isometric contractions for lower limb EMG
Tyler D Chuang1, Stacey M Acker1
1Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Summary
Choosing the right electromyography (EMG) normalization method is key for analyzing walking, cycling, and running data. Sprint running offers a simple way to get larger normalization values, even with slightly lower repeatability.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Motor Control
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Electromyography (EMG) signal normalization is crucial for comparing muscle activity across different trials and individuals.
- A lack of consensus exists regarding the optimal EMG normalization method when combining data from walking, cycling, and running.
- Understanding normalization effects is vital for accurate interpretation of muscle function during locomotion and cyclical activities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the magnitude and repeatability of normalization values derived from three different methods.
- To evaluate the scaling effects of these normalization methods on electromyography (EMG) signals during moderate-intensity walking, cycling, and running.
- To determine the most suitable normalization approach for combined locomotion and cycling EMG data.
Main Methods:
- Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs), sprint cycling, and sprint running were used to obtain normalization values.
- Electromyography (EMG) data from moderate-intensity walking, cycling, and running trials were normalized using values from each method.
- Normalization values, coefficients of variation, and peak normalized EMG were statistically compared across the three normalization methods.
Main Results:
- Sprint running yielded higher normalization values for 6 out of 9 muscles compared to other methods.
- Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) demonstrated the lowest variance in 6 out of 9 muscles.
- Significant differences in peak normalized EMG signals were observed across normalization methods for walking (6/9 muscles), cycling (7/9 muscles), and running (8/9 muscles).
Conclusions:
- Sprint running is a practical normalization method for combined walking, cycling, and running EMG analysis due to its simplicity and higher normalization values.
- While sprint running shows slightly lower repeatability, its ability to produce larger normalization values makes it a viable option.
- The choice of normalization method significantly impacts the interpretation of muscle activation patterns across different locomotion modes.
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