Biosensing methods for determination of creatinine: A review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Creatinine is a key indicator of renal function, muscle damage, and thyroid disorders.
• Conventional creatinine detection methods are often time-consuming, expensive, and require specialized equipment.
• The need for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic tools is critical in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and classify various creatinine sensors and biosensors.
• To highlight the advantages of nanomaterial-based biosensors for creatinine detection.
• To discuss the operating principles, performance metrics, and future prospects of creatinine biosensors.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on creatinine sensors and biosensors.
• Classification based on operating principles and materials used.
• Analysis of performance characteristics including sensitivity, detection limits, and stability.
• Focus on nanomaterial-based biosensor technologies.

Main Results:

• Biosensors offer significant advantages over conventional methods in terms of speed, cost, and ease of use.
• Nanomaterial-based biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity and selectivity for creatinine detection.
• Optimal operating conditions and performance ranges for various biosensors were identified.
• Biosensors show good stability for practical storage and application in serum and urine analysis.

Conclusions:

• Creatinine biosensors, particularly those utilizing nanomaterials, represent a promising advancement in diagnostic technology.
• These biosensors provide a viable, efficient alternative for monitoring renal function and related health conditions.
• Further research and development are essential for the commercialization and widespread clinical adoption of creatinine biosensors.