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Enhanced Systemic Response of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Regulators in Campylobacter and Salmonella Patients

Anna Nilsson1, Taina Tervahartiala2, David Lennebratt3

  • 1Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 38, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden. anna.nilsson@medsci.uu.se.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 16, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Campylobacter and Salmonella infections elevate key immune biomarkers like MMP-8 and MMP-9. While levels normalize for Campylobacter patients within weeks, persistent inflammation may link to long-term complications.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Campylobacters are significant global enteropathogens causing considerable financial strain.
  • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) modulate immune responses and are elevated in infectious and tissue-destructive diseases.
  • Neutrophil-derived proteins, including MMPs, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and human neutrophil elastase (HNE), play roles in infection and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum concentrations of MMP-8, MMP-9, MPO, HNE, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 in patients with Campylobacter and Salmonella infections.
  • To compare these biomarker levels between infected patients and healthy controls.
  • To assess the temporal changes in these biomarkers during the course of infection.

Main Methods:

  • Serum samples were collected from 80 Campylobacter patients, 25 Salmonella patients, and 27 healthy controls.
  • Initial and follow-up serum samples (approx. 25 days later) were analyzed for MMP-8, MMP-9, MPO, HNE, and TIMP-1 concentrations.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare biomarker levels between groups and over time.

Main Results:

  • Both Campylobacter and Salmonella patients exhibited elevated levels of all tested biomarkers compared to controls in initial samples (p ≤ 0.037).
  • In follow-up samples, Campylobacter patients showed normalized MMP-8 levels, but other biomarkers remained elevated (though decreased from initial levels).
  • Salmonella patients' follow-up samples indicated significantly higher MMP-9 and MPO levels compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Campylobacter infection induces a sustained, weeks-long elevation in neutrophil-derived proteolytic and oxidative stress markers.
  • The persistent inflammatory markers following Campylobacter infection warrant further investigation for potential links to late sequelae.
  • MMP-9 and MPO elevations persist longer in Salmonella infections compared to Campylobacter infections.
Keywords:
CampylobacterSalmonellaenteritishuman neutrophil elastasematrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9myeloperoxidasetissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1

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