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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?01:17

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The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Proteins are...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Computed Tomography (CT) Guided Implantation of a Totally Implantable Venous Access Port (TIVAP) through Subclavian Vein
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Translational research on clinically failed zirconia implants.

Susanne S Scherrer1, Mustapha Mekki1, Claude Crottaz2

  • 1Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|December 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed fractured zirconia implants to understand failure causes. A mathematical model linked occlusal loading to crack initiation sites, aiding in preventing future zirconia implant failures.

Keywords:
Bending momentClinical failureFractographyFractureImplantsZirconia

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Dental Implantology

Background:

  • Zirconia implants are increasingly used in dental restorations.
  • Understanding failure mechanisms is crucial for improving implant longevity.
  • Fracture of zirconia implants can lead to significant patient morbidity and treatment costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform fractographic analysis on clinically fractured zirconia implants with cemented crowns.
  • To mathematically model bending moments, stress, and crack onset locations.
  • To correlate occlusal loading patterns with fracture origins.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen fractured zirconia implants with crowns were recovered and analyzed using fractography.
  • 2D and 3D imaging determined spatial coordinates and occlusal loading.
  • A mathematical model calculated stress and crack onset based on spatial and load data.

Main Results:

  • Fractures originated at the bone-entrance level, often linked to surface defects from manufacturing (porous coating, sandblasting).
  • The mathematical model demonstrated how occlusal loading relative to the implant axis influences bending moments and crack onset.
  • Calculated crack onset locations aligned well with fractographically identified fracture origins.

Conclusions:

  • Recovered zirconia implants provide insights into failure origins and occlusal loading effects.
  • The mathematical model effectively illustrates the impact of occlusal loading on fracture initiation sites in clinical cases.
  • This approach aids in understanding and potentially preventing zirconia implant failures.