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Eco-evolutionary feedbacks following changes in spatial connectedness.

Dries Bonte1, Stefano Masier1, Frederik Mortier1

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Habitat changes driven by humans strongly influence species dispersal and evolution. Insect and arachnid studies reveal how evolving dispersal traits feedback on population dynamics and range expansions, closing the eco-evolutionary loop.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Human activities are altering habitat spatial configurations globally.
  • Changes in habitat connectedness create strong selective pressures on dispersal and related traits.
  • These spatial eco-evolutionary interactions occur on contemporary timescales, particularly evident in insects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ecological feedbacks from the evolution of dispersal traits on metapopulation dynamics and range expansions.
  • To explore how evolving dispersal rate, dispersal syndromes, and genetic diversity impact spatial dynamics.
  • To close the eco-evolutionary loop for insect and arachnid spatial dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on insect and arachnid spatial dynamics.
  • Analysis of eco-evolutionary feedbacks between dispersal evolution and metapopulation dynamics.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the role of genetic diversity in spatial ecology.

Main Results:

  • Evolutionary responses in dispersal traits significantly feedback on metapopulation dynamics and habitat connectivity.
  • Dispersal evolution can either constrain or enhance connectivity, influencing population persistence and range shifts.
  • Insects and arachnids provide crucial insights due to their short generation times and high reproductive potential.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of dispersal is a key factor shaping insect and arachnid metapopulation dynamics and range expansions.
  • Understanding these eco-evolutionary feedbacks is critical for predicting species responses to habitat change.
  • This review integrates evolutionary and ecological perspectives to explain spatial dynamics in insects and arachnids.