Templated synthesis of cubic crystalline single networks having large open-space lattices by polymer cubosomes

The synthesis of biophotonic crystals of insects, cubic crystalline single networks of chitin having large open-space lattices, requires the selective diffusion of monomers into only one of two non-intersecting water-channel networks embedded within the template, ordered smooth endoplasmic reticulum (OSER). Here we show that the topology of the circumferential bilayer of polymer cubosomes (PCs)-polymeric analogues to lipid cubic membranes and complex biological membranes-differentiate between two non-intersecting pore networks embedded in the cubic mesophase by sealing one network at the interface. Consequently, single networks having large lattice parameters (>240 nm) are synthesized by cross-linking of inorganic precursors within the open network of the PCs. Our results pave the way to create triply periodic structures of open-space lattices as photonic crystals and metamaterials without relying on complex multi-step fabrication. Our results also suggest a possible answer for how biophotonic single cubic networks are created, using OSER as templates.