Recent Progress on Functional Genomics Research of Enterovirus 71
Huiqiang Wang1,2, Yuhuan Li3,4
1Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
Virologica Sinica
|December 16, 2018
Summary
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), sometimes leading to severe neurological issues. This review details EV71 proteins and non-coding regions to aid in developing new treatments and vaccines.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a primary cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD).
- While often self-limiting, EV71 infections can result in severe neurological complications, including encephalitis and death.
- Currently, no effective clinical treatments exist for EV71-induced HFMD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in understanding EV71 non-coding regions (5' UTR and 3' UTR).
- To summarize studies on EV71 structural and nonstructural proteins, focusing on key motifs.
- To provide insights for developing anti-EV71 drugs and vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on EV71.
- Analysis of studies focusing on viral non-coding regions and proteins.
- Identification of key functional motifs involved in viral processes.
Main Results:
- Compilation of current knowledge on EV71 non-coding regions and proteins.
- Highlighting critical motifs for viral infection, replication, and immune evasion.
- Synthesis of information on EV71's replication and pathogenic mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- Enhanced understanding of EV71 virus replication and pathogenesis.
- Facilitation of the development of novel therapeutic strategies and vaccines against EV71.
- Identification of potential targets for antiviral drug development.
Related Concept Videos
02:02Genomics
40.6K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.6K
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
9.1K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.1K
02:30Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
37.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
37.2K
02:07Tumor Progression
7.4K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.4K
02:16Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes
16.0K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
16.0K
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
4.8K
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
4.8K