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How does physical activity and different models of exercise training affect oxidative parameters and memory?

Natan Feter1, Roselia Maria Spanevello2, Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares2

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Different exercise types impact brain health. Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) improved memory, while resistance training (RT) enhanced spatial memory. Both exercise models helped regulate oxidative stress, suggesting they are effective non-pharmacological strategies for cognitive function.

Keywords:
BrainExerciseMemoryOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chronic physical activity and exercise interventions are explored for their neuroprotective effects.
  • Understanding the specific impacts of different training modalities on cognitive function and brain biochemistry is crucial for public health.
  • Oxidative stress and cholinergic activity are key factors influencing cognitive decline and brain health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chronic effects of various physical exercise and activity models on cognitive function, cholinergic activity, and oxidative stress markers.
  • To compare the efficacy of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), and running wheel (RW) activity against a sedentary control group.
  • To evaluate changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: Sedentary (SED), MICT, HIIT, RT, and RW.
  • Cognitive functions, including recognition and spatial memory, were assessed.
  • Oxidative stress markers (nitrites, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species - ROS), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured in brain tissues.

Main Results:

  • MICT significantly improved recognition memory compared to all other groups. RT enhanced spatial memory compared to SED, MICT, and RW groups.
  • All exercise models (MICT, HIIT, RT, RW) reduced hippocampal nitrite levels. RT increased hippocampal lipid peroxidation and ROS, while MICT increased catalase (CAT) activity.
  • RT increased cerebral cortex ROS but reduced lipid peroxidation. RW showed increased lipid peroxidation and the highest CAT activity. RT also increased cerebral cortex AChE activity.

Conclusions:

  • Both MICT and RT protocols demonstrate potential as oxidative stress regulators and non-pharmacological strategies for improving cognitive function.
  • Different exercise modalities yield distinct effects on specific cognitive domains and biochemical markers.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these exercise-induced neuroprotective effects.