Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.0K
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

18.8K
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
18.8K
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

204.8K
Overview
204.8K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

82.7K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
82.7K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

27.1K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
27.1K
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

12.8K
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
12.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The nuts-and-bolts of ribosomal protein s6 kinase 1 regulation: A shared responsibility for mTOR complexes 1 and 2.

The FEBS journal·2026
Same author

CLO26-127: Potential Efficacy of Vitamin D in Improving Pathological Complete Response among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026
Same author

CLO26-127: Potential Efficacy of Vitamin D in Improving Pathological Complete Response among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN·2026
Same author

Piperine-induced AMPK activation and cell cycle arrest: insights from molecular simulations and experimental validation in breast cancer.

Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)·2026
Same author

B cell-intrinsic interleukin 17 receptor A signaling supports the establishment of chronic murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection.

Journal of virology·2025
Same author

Molecular dynamics and experimental evaluation of piperine as a potential mTOR inhibitor in colon cancer cells.

In silico pharmacology·2025
Same journal

Marek's disease virus-encoded microRNA-M6-5p suppresses viral replication by targeting UL42.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Pioneering the formation of 2-carboxylic anthraquinone: CRISPR/Cas9-mediated functional validation of Octaketide synthase and Polyketide reductase genes in Aloe vera.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Characterization of the blueberry AUXIN RESISTANT 1/LIKE-AUX1 gene family and regulatory roles of VcAUX1/LAX12 in flower bud burst.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Structural and biochemical insights into an anthocyanin-related glutathione transferase from bilberry and its inhibition by quercetin.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Hydrolases enzymes for oral biofilm reduction: Lipase, lysozyme, and amylase as promising candidates for canine oral health applications.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same journal

Dietary chitosan alleviates Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli induced intestinal injury by reducing bacterial colonization and restoring mucosal immune homeostasis in weaned piglets.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

3.4K

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) sequestration mediates 4E-BP1 response to rapamycin.

Asiya Batool1, Sheikh Tahir Majeed1, Sabreena Aashaq1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Science Block, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K 190006, India.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|December 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapamycin resistance in 4E-BP1 translation is overcome by S6K1 abundance, specifically its TOS motif. This study identifies eIF4E, not Raptor, as key to regulating 4E-BP1 sensitivity to rapamycin.

Keywords:
4E-BP1RapamycinS6K1TranslationeIF4E

More Related Videos

Mechanistic Insight into the Development of TNBS-Mediated Intestinal Fibrosis and Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Rapamycin
10:21

Mechanistic Insight into the Development of TNBS-Mediated Intestinal Fibrosis and Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Rapamycin

Published on: September 12, 2019

7.7K
A Semi-Quantitative Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability DARTS assay for studying Rapamycin/mTOR interaction
05:28

A Semi-Quantitative Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability DARTS assay for studying Rapamycin/mTOR interaction

Published on: August 27, 2019

17.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

3.4K
Mechanistic Insight into the Development of TNBS-Mediated Intestinal Fibrosis and Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Rapamycin
10:21

Mechanistic Insight into the Development of TNBS-Mediated Intestinal Fibrosis and Evaluating the Inhibitory Effects of Rapamycin

Published on: September 12, 2019

7.7K
A Semi-Quantitative Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability DARTS assay for studying Rapamycin/mTOR interaction
05:28

A Semi-Quantitative Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability DARTS assay for studying Rapamycin/mTOR interaction

Published on: August 27, 2019

17.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cap-dependent translation initiation involves 4E-BP1, eIF4E, and mRNA 5' cap complex formation.
  • The mTORC1/rapamycin complex affects 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, leading to the assumption that rapamycin globally inhibits cap-dependent translation.
  • Previous work indicated S6K1 abundance can overcome 4E-BP1 resistance to rapamycin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of S6K1's TOS motif in relieving rapamycin resistance of 4E-BP1.
  • To identify the cellular factor responsible for regulating rapamycin sensitivity of 4E-BP1.
  • To elucidate the independent regulation of 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation dynamics and rapamycin sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the effect of TOS-bearing and TOS-deleted S6K1 variants on 4E-BP1 rapamycin resistance.
  • Examined the role of S6K1 activity in this process.
  • Assessed the impact of 4E-BP1 abundance on S6K1 inactivation.
  • Identified the cellular factor regulating 4E-BP1 rapamycin sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • The TOS-bearing amino-terminal domain of S6K1 is sufficient to relieve rapamycin resistance of 4E-BP1.
  • TOS-deleted S6K1 variants, regardless of activity, failed to relieve this resistance.
  • Reciprocal inactivation of S6K1 by 4E-BP1 abundance requires an intact TOS motif.
  • eIF4E, not Raptor, was identified as the cellular factor regulating 4E-BP1 sensitivity to rapamycin.

Conclusions:

  • The TOS motif of S6K1 plays a critical role in modulating 4E-BP1's response to rapamycin.
  • eIF4E is identified as a key regulator of 4E-BP1 rapamycin sensitivity.
  • Phosphorylation dynamics and rapamycin sensitivity of 4E-BP1 and S6K1 are regulated independently.