Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

9.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.4K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

2.7K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
2.7K
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.2K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.2K
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.4K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.4K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

873
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
873

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dark Personalities and Cognitive Styles: Two Distinct Dispositions Toward Antisocial Behaviour.

International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie·2026
Same author

EEG microstates reveal differential network dynamics under constant current and oscillatory brain stimulation.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

In search of a Holy Grail - How to find the right dose for transcranial electrical stimulation.

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Neurophysiological and behavioral effects of oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (otDCS).

Journal of neuroscience methods·2026
Same author

Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017-2025: An update) - endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN).

Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026
Same author

COVID-19-associated neurological and psychological manifestations.

Nature reviews. Disease primers·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

15.7K

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over parietal cortex improves associative memory.

Jovana Bjekić1, Marija V Čolić1, Marko Živanović2

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|December 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) significantly improved associative memory performance in healthy adults. This non-invasive brain stimulation technique shows promise for enhancing memory functions.

Keywords:
Associative memoryCognitive enhancementFace-word memoryObject-location memoryPosterior parietal cortex (PPC)Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS)

More Related Videos

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice
11:54

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Published on: September 23, 2018

15.2K
Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation HD-tDCS
15:05

Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation HD-tDCS

Published on: July 14, 2013

38.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

15.7K
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice
11:54

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS in Mice

Published on: September 23, 2018

15.2K
Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation HD-tDCS
15:05

Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation HD-tDCS

Published on: July 14, 2013

38.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuromodulation

Background:

  • Associative memory is crucial for daily functioning but declines with aging and disease.
  • Previous neurostimulation for memory enhancement yielded limited success, with posterior sites showing more promise.
  • The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has high connectivity with the hippocampus, suggesting its potential role in memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) for enhancing associative memory.
  • To explore the potential of PPC as a target for brain stimulation to improve memory functions.

Main Methods:

  • Two sham-controlled, cross-over experiments involving 42 healthy adults.
  • Anodal tDCS (1.5 mA, 20 min) applied over P3 (Experiment 1) and P4 (Experiment 2).
  • Participants completed associative memory tasks (face-word, object-location) and a verbal fluency control task post-stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Anodal tDCS over the PPC significantly improved associative memory performance compared to sham stimulation in both experiments.
  • No significant differences were observed in the control task (verbal fluency), indicating task specificity.
  • While overall memory performance improved across trials, the enhancement did not differ between stimulation conditions.

Conclusions:

  • A single session of anodal tDCS over the posterior parietal cortex can effectively enhance associative memory performance.
  • The observed effects were specific, robust, and reproducible, supporting the PPC as a promising target for memory enhancement.
  • This non-invasive neuromodulation approach offers potential for therapeutic interventions targeting memory decline.