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Related Concept Videos

Expected Value01:15

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The expected value is known as the "long-term" average or mean. This means that over the long term of experimenting over and over, you would expect this average. The expected average is represented by the symbol μ. It is calculated as follows:
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Determination of Expected Frequency01:08

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Suppose one wants to test independence between the two variables of a contingency table. The values in the table constitute the observed frequencies of the dataset. But how does one determine the expected frequency of the dataset? One of the important assumptions is that the two variables are independent, which means the variables do not influence each other. For independent variables, the statistical probability of any event involving both variables is calculated by multiplying the individual...
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Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
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A goodness-of-fit test is conducted to determine whether the observed frequency values are statistically similar to the frequencies expected for the dataset. Suppose the expected frequencies for a dataset are equal such as when predicting the frequency of any number appearing when casting a die. In that case, the expected frequency is the ratio of the total number of observations (n)  to the number of categories (k).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

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Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: Outcomes with Expectant Management until 34 versus 35 Weeks.

Tara A Lynch1, Courtney Olson-Chen1, Sarah Colihan2

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.

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Expectant management for preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) until 35 weeks showed no difference in composite neonatal morbidity compared to immediate delivery at 34 weeks. Expectant management reduced NICU stays but increased short-term infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Perinatal Research

Background:

  • Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) presents a management dilemma between expectant care and immediate delivery.
  • Optimizing outcomes for preterm PROM requires careful consideration of neonatal and maternal risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare neonatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies with preterm PROM managed expectantly until 35 weeks versus immediate delivery at ≥34 weeks.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter retrospective cohort study included 280 mother-infant dyads with preterm PROM (>20 weeks gestation).
  • Groups were stratified by expectant management until 35 weeks or immediate delivery at ≥34 weeks.
  • Primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity, analyzed using univariate and general estimating equation models.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference was observed in composite neonatal morbidity between expectant management and immediate delivery groups (43.4% vs. 37.5%).
  • Expectant management was associated with shorter neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions.
  • However, expectant management led to higher rates of neonatal antibiotics for >72 hours, endometritis, and histological chorioamnionitis.

Conclusions:

  • Expectant management of preterm PROM until 35 weeks does not alter composite neonatal morbidity compared to immediate delivery at 34 weeks.
  • While reducing NICU length of stay, expectant management increases short-term infectious morbidity.