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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Harmonic Nanoparticles for Regenerative Research
Published on: May 1, 2014
Third harmonic scattering in liquids
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4002, USA.
Abstract:
Third harmonic scattering (THS) from liquids has been observed and analyzed in several recent papers. It is considered to be analogous to second harmonic scattering (hyper-Rayleigh scattering) and to provide a means for measuring the second hyperpolarizability tensor of molecules in a liquid. However, the observed signal for a pure solvent is in fact mainly due to coherent third harmonic generation followed by Rayleigh scattering and direct incoherent THS (direct THS) makes only a small contribution (<2% for parallel polarized THS). This invalidates the internal reference method and the polarization analysis that has been applied for pure liquids. Theoretical comparison for the two processes, extensive experimental measurements for CCl4 liquid, SiO2 glass, and CCl2F2 gas and survey measurements for D2O, CDCl3, CD3CN, and (CD3)2SO liquid, are presented.
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