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Related Concept Videos

Partial Fractions01:28

Partial Fractions

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A partial fraction is a component of a rational expression represented as the sum of simpler fractions. When a rational function is expressed as a ratio of two polynomials, it can often be decomposed into a sum of fractions whose denominators are simpler polynomials, typically linear or irreducible quadratic factors. This process is called partial fraction decomposition, and it is used to simplify complex expressions for integration, solving equations, or analysis.Partial fraction decomposition...
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Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions03:03

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Unless individual gases chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other’s pressure. Each gas in a mixture exerts the same pressure that it would exert if it were present alone in the container. The pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture is called its partial pressure.
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure01:11

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The partial pressure of a gas is a measure of the thermodynamic activity of the gas's molecules. The pressure that a gas would create if it occupied the total volume available is called the gas's partial pressure. If two or more gases are mixed together in a container, the molecules move randomly and collide with each other, causing them to reach thermal equilibrium. When the gases have the same temperature, their molecules have the same average kinetic energy. Thus, each gas obeys the...
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Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions01:29

Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions

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Rational functions are expressions written as the ratio of two polynomials, and their integrals are evaluated by simplifying the integrand into manageable parts. These functions are classified as proper or improper based on the degrees of the numerator and denominator.A rational function is proper when the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator. In this case, partial fraction decomposition is used to rewrite the function as a sum of simpler rational terms. The...
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Application of Microwave Ablation in Laparoscopic Partial Splenectomy
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Near infrared fluorescence imaging system for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

Takeshi Yamasaki1, Satoshi Tamada, Minoru Kato

  • 1Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

The Canadian Journal of Urology
|December 17, 2018
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Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) is a feasible technique for identifying tumor margins during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). While safe, it did not significantly improve surgical outcomes compared to conventional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Partial nephrectomy (PN) requires precise delineation of tumor margins.
  • Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) offers real-time visualization for margin identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of NIRF imaging with ICG during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).
  • To assess the efficacy of NIRF imaging in delineating the margin between normal renal parenchyma and renal cortical tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective comparison of 83 patients undergoing LPN with NIRF imaging versus 74 patients without.
  • Analysis of real-time tumor margin identification and operative outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Tumor margins identified in 82% of NIRF cases (79% for clear cell renal carcinoma).
  • Increased blood loss (p=0.015) and significantly shorter warm ischemia time (p<0.01) in the NIRF group.
  • Comparable rates of positive surgical margins (3%), renal function change, and severe complications between groups.

Conclusions:

  • NIRF imaging with ICG is safe and feasible for LPN.
  • Current application of NIRF imaging alone did not demonstrate significantly superior surgical outcomes compared to conventional techniques.