Giant renal angiomyolipoma in a solitary kidney

While renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) generally remain small and asymptomatic, larger AMLs are more common in tuberous sclerosis patients. Giant AMLs over 20 cm are a rare entity and little is known about their management. We present a unique case of a 48-year-old woman with tuberous sclerosis and a 39 cm AML arising from a solitary kidney, after undergoing nephrectomy for a prior AML. Giant renal AMLs can occur in patients with tuberous sclerosis and resection should be considered even for large tumors. Renal sparing is often difficult and patients should be counseled about potential need for postoperative hemodialysis.