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Frequency of superantigen encoding genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected from multiple sclerosis (MS)

Javid Sadeghi1, Naser Alizadeh2, Mahin Ahangar Oskouei1

  • 1Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Microbial Pathogenesis
|December 17, 2018
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Staphylococcus aureus superantigens are frequently found in MS patients. These bacteria are sensitive to mupirocin, making it an effective treatment for nasal decolonization in these individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Bacterial superantigens are powerful T cell activators with potential neurological effects.
  • Staphylococcus aureus toxins may play a role in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and toxic shock syndrome toxin in MS patients and healthy carriers.
  • Determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Collected 350 nasal swabs from MS patients (n=140) and healthy carriers (n=210).
  • Detected Staphylococcus aureus superantigens using multiplex PCR.
  • Assessed antimicrobial susceptibility via disk diffusion.

Main Results:

  • Nasal colonization rates were higher in MS patients (46.42%) compared to healthcare workers (30.95%).
  • Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A (SEA), B (SEB), and Exfoliative Toxin A (ETA) were most common.
  • Isolates showed high resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and co-trimoxazole, but remained susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and mupirocin.

Conclusions:

  • High frequency of superantigen-producing Staphylococcus aureus in MS patients.
  • These isolates are sensitive to mupirocin.
  • Mupirocin is recommended for nasal decolonization in MS patients to manage Staphylococcus aureus carriage.
Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisStaphylococcus aureusSuper antigens

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