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Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
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Proteomics turns functional.

Chiara Monti1, Mara Zilocchi1, Ilaria Colugnat1

  • 1Department of Science and High Technology, Center of Bioinformatics, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Italy.

Journal of Proteomics
|December 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Proteomics is advancing human biology understanding by integrating bioinformatics and functional analysis. New strategies like systems biology, interactomics, and terminomics are revealing protein functions and disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
Differential proteomicsInteractomicsSystems biologyTerminomics

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Proteomics is crucial for understanding complex human diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Advancements in proteomics and bioinformatics have shifted focus from protein lists to hypothesis generation and functional verification.
  • The Journal of Proteomics has increasingly published biologically-oriented papers with functional interpretations of proteomics data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore approaches enabling proteomics to yield functional insights.
  • To highlight the strategic evolution of proteomics beyond technological development.
  • To provide biologists with insights into current proteomic applications for biological system investigation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing systems biology tools for analyzing proteomics data and interpreting differentially abundant proteins.
  • Integrating interactomics to study protein-protein interactions and macromolecular complexes.
  • Employing terminomics to analyze proteolysis and uncover functions of cleaved proteoforms.

Main Results:

  • Systems biology tools are routinely used to define the biological meaning of protein abundance changes.
  • Interactomics complements quantitative proteomics by revealing functional protein complexes.
  • Terminomics identifies novel functions of proteoforms generated by proteolysis.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics is evolving strategically, moving towards functional interpretation and hypothesis generation.
  • Systems biology, interactomics, and terminomics offer powerful strategies for investigating biological systems and disease pathogenesis.
  • Interpreting proteomics data correctly can uncover new protein functions and therapeutic targets.