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Related Concept Videos

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction01:05

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It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a...
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In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
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Types Of Collisions - I01:04

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When two objects come in direct contact with each other, it is called a collision. During a collision, two or more objects exert forces on each other in a relatively short amount of time. A collision can be categorized as either an elastic or inelastic collision. If two or more objects approach each other, collide and then bounce off, moving away from each other with the same relative speed at which they approached each other, the total kinetic energy of the system is said to be conserved. This...
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When two or more objects collide with each other, they can stick together to form one single composite object (after collision). The total mass of the object after the collision is the sum of the masses of the original objects, and it moves with a velocity dictated by the conservation of momentum. Although the system's total momentum remains constant, the kinetic energy decreases, and thus such a collision is an inelastic collision. Most of the collisions between objects in daily life are...
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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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Collision Avoidance With Multiple Walkers: Sequential or Simultaneous Interactions?

Laurentius Antonius Meerhoff1, Julien Pettré1, Sean Dean Lynch2

  • 1Inria, Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA - UMR 6074, Rennes, France.

Frontiers in Psychology
|December 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pedestrians avoid collisions through continuous perception-action loops. This study reveals that multi-person collision avoidance involves complex interactions, with strategies emerging dynamically based on group size and gap dynamics.

Keywords:
affordancecollision avoidancedynamic gapinterpersonal coordinationlocomotionmultiple interactionspass-abilityperception-action

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Area of Science:

  • Human locomotion and social interaction
  • Robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) for human navigation
  • Psychology and cognitive science of crowd behavior

Background:

  • Collision avoidance in crowds relies on reciprocal coupling and perception-action loops.
  • Previous research focused on dyadic (1 vs. 1) interactions, but real-world crowds involve multi-person dynamics.
  • Understanding multi-walker avoidance is crucial for designing autonomous systems and managing pedestrian flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare dyadic (1 vs. 1) and triadic (1 vs. 2) collision avoidance strategies.
  • To investigate how the dynamics of a passable gap influence locomotor interactions.
  • To analyze the emergence of coordination strategies in multi-walker scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of walker formations to create passable gaps.
  • Analysis of Minimal Predicted Distance and Dynamics of the Gap over time.
  • Observation and quantification of reciprocal coupling and action affordances in dyadic and triadic interactions.

Main Results:

  • Some triadic interactions led to sequential avoidance, similar to dyadic interactions.
  • Other formations resulted in simultaneous interactions, where gap dynamics revealed emergent coordination.
  • Coordination strategies evolved over time through bi-directional interactions among all walkers.

Conclusions:

  • Collision avoidance in multi-walker scenarios involves complex, emergent coordination strategies.
  • The dynamics of passable gaps significantly influence interaction and avoidance behaviors.
  • Further research is needed to differentiate conditions favoring simultaneous versus sequential interactions.