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Imaging quantum fluctuations near criticality.

A Kremen1, H Khan2, Y L Loh3

  • 1Department of Physics and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University Ramat Gan, Israel.

Nature Physics
|December 18, 2018
PubMed
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Researchers imaged quantum fluctuations near a quantum phase transition for the first time. These fluctuations reveal unexpected quantum granularity and a new length scale, offering insights into phase reorganization and quantum information applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials Science

Background:

  • Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) occur at zero temperature, driven by quantum fluctuations.
  • Local imaging and study of quantum fluctuation dynamics have been challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To locally image quantum fluctuations near a superconductor-to-insulator QPT.
  • To investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of these fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
  • Imaged diamagnetic response fluctuations in the vicinity of the QPT.

Main Results:

  • Observed spatial and temporal fluctuations of the diamagnetic response below the transition temperature.
  • Characterized fluctuations as telegraph-like noise with diverse timescales and non-monotonic temperature dependence.
  • Identified growing lateral dimensions of fluctuations near criticality, indicating a new length scale.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the quantum nature of observed fluctuations.
  • Revealed unexpected quantum granularity and phase reorganization dynamics across a QPT.
  • Opened new avenues for theoretical descriptions and quantum information applications.