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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

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Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
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The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
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Spindle Assembly02:50

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

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Spindle Checkpoint Regulators in Insulin Signaling.

Eunhee Choi1, Hongtao Yu1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|December 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Spindle checkpoint proteins regulate insulin receptor endocytosis, impacting metabolic homeostasis. This discovery links cell division machinery to metabolic regulation and diabetes risk.

Keywords:
endocytosisevolutionary repurposinginsulin receptorinsulin signalingmitosisspindle checkpoint

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Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
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Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Metabolic Regulation
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • Insulin signaling is crucial for metabolic homeostasis; its dysregulation causes metabolic disorders like diabetes.
  • A link between the spindle checkpoint and insulin signaling was previously unestablished.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of spindle checkpoint regulators in insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis.
  • To explore the mechanism by which spindle checkpoint proteins influence insulin receptor trafficking.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the function of spindle checkpoint proteins in cellular models.
  • Analyzed the regulation of insulin receptor (IR) endocytosis.
  • Examined the impact on insulin signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Spindle checkpoint regulators were found to be critical for insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis.
  • These proteins regulate the endocytosis of the insulin receptor (IR).
  • Established a functional link between cell division components and metabolic control.

Conclusions:

  • Spindle checkpoint proteins play an unexpected role in vesicle trafficking and insulin signaling.
  • These findings connect cell division and metabolism, offering new insights into metabolic disorders.